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Ivanovo is the center of the Ivanovo region. It is situated 317 km north-east of Moscow. Its population is about 410 thousand people (2010). Hundred years ago it was one of the main textile cities in the country. Until 1932 its official name was Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The first mention of the village of Ivanovo was found in the documents of the 16th century. At that time Ivanovo was a small village on the right bank of the Uvod River. The main occupation of the villagers was 15 farming. By the 17th century the village had grown in size. The weaving of linen became one of the most important crafts. In 1742 Grigory Butrimov – a serf – founded the first linen manufactory. In the late 18th century the first machines began to appear and soon the village became one of the major centers of textile manufacturing. Its trading ties extended far beyond the borders of Russia. Fabrics were marketed in England, Persia and other countries. With the passing of time Ivanovo grew into a large industrial and trading town. In 1871 Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad were joined to form the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The new city grew rapidly: a lot of factories were built and the weaving process was mechanized, railway lines connected the city with Moscow, Nizhniy Novgorod, Kineshma. By the 20th century the number of workers exceeded 26 000. Textile workers of Ivanovo took an active part in the revolutionary movement in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Ivanovo became famous as the Motherland of the First Soviet which was formed in May 1905. The First Soviet consisted of 151 members and was headed by the Bolsheviks. There are a lot of streets, squares and monuments which are named after revolutionaries, organizers and leaders of the First Soviet in Ivanovo. In the 20th century Ivanovo grew into a large textile and engineering centre. In the middle of the 20th century Ivanovo became one of the major textile centers. There were about 10 textile factories and 3 textile combines. Cotton, worsted and silk goods and clothing were produced in Ivanovo. One of four meters of fabrics of the country was manufactured here. But the collapse of the Russian textile industry during the last years of the 20th century hit the Ivanovo region hard. Some of the factories were completely closed, production has decreased. Chemical, textile, food industries as well as clothing and footwear are developing in Ivanovo now. Ivanovo is also an important scientific centre. It has some research and development institutes and the Institute of Chemistry of Solutions of the Russian Academy of Science. Ivanovo is often called a city of students. Thousands of students study at seven higher educational establishments of the town. Among them are: the University of Chemistry and Technology, the Power University, the State University, the Medical Academy, the Agricultural Academy, the University of Architecture and Civil Construction and the Textile Academy. Ivanovo has become a big cultural centre. There are a lot of places of interest in Ivanovo where one can spend his free time, for example, 16 theatres, museums, etc. A big cultural complex which is called "The Palace of Arts" includes three theatres under one roof: the Drama Theatre, the Musical Theatre and the Puppet Theatre. The circus of Ivanovo is one of the biggest circuses in our country. In museums of our city one can learn about its past, present and future. One of the famous Ivanovo museums is the Local History and Lore Museum. It is the first museum in Ivanovo region. The building in which it is situated is a unique architectural construction. It was designed by an architect Trubnikov and was built in 1914 by a well known manufacturer and rarities' collector Dm. Burylin for the purpose of displaying his numerous private collections. Another famous museum is Ivanovo Cotton Museum. The museum is situated in the "modern" style building just opposite the Local History and Lore Museum. This private building also belonged to Dm. Burylin, a manufacturer and the patron of fine arts and literature. The museum was opened in 1987. Its exposition tells us about the history of weaving from the oldest times up to the present days. Another interesting museum is the Ivanovo Regional Art Museum. This museum has more than 24 000 works of art and it is one of the largest in Russia. The range of its collection makes it possible to follow the history of world culture. At the beginning of the 21st century Ivanovo is still growing and developing in different directions.